Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire. Cleopatra, Julius Caesar and Mark Antony: how the last pharaoh's love affairs shaped Ancient Egypt's fate. With his soldiers deserting him, Mark Antony took his own life and Cleopatra chose the same course, committing suicide on 12 August 30 BC. After the death of Julius Caesar, the Roman Empire is ruled by three men: Mark Antony, Octavius Caesar, and Lepidus. Octavian pursued them and captured Alexandria in 30 BC. Octavian was victorious and Cleopatra and Mark Antony fled to Egypt. In 31 BC, Mark Antony and Cleopatra combined armies to take on Octavian's forces in a great sea battle at Actium, on the west coast of Greece. They subsequently had three children - two sons and a daughter. In 41 BC, Mark Antony, at that time in dispute with Caesar's adopted son Octavian over the succession to the Roman leadership, began both a political and romantic alliance with Cleopatra. Pothinus, the ever present guardian of Ptolemy XIII and the real power behind his throne, stirred the Alexandrian mob up against Caesar but Caesar was not easily frightened. Ptolemy XIV died mysteriously at around this time, and Cleopatra made her son Caesarion co-regent. Caesar announced his intention to execute Ptolemy Auletes will (under which Cleopatra was co-regent with Ptolemy XIII). Their tryst is interrupted by Curius, who has overheard Achillass.
Cleopatra followed Caesar back to Rome, but after his assassination in 44 BC, she returned to Egypt. Cleopatra waits for Caesar in her apartment, pretending to be asleep when he enters. In 47 BC, Cleopatra bore Caesar a child - Caesarion - though Caesar never publicly acknowledged him as his son. Ptolemy was killed in the fighting and another brother was created Ptolemy XIII. Cleopatra, who had been exiled by her brother, was reinstalled as queen with Roman military support. Caesar followed and he and Cleopatra became lovers. Cleopatra was determined to make the most of Pothinus’ miscalculation and managed to arrange a secret meeting with Caesar. Pompey fled to the Egyptian capital Alexandria, where he was murdered on the orders of Ptolemy. In 48 BC, Egypt became embroiled in the conflict in Rome between Julius Caesar and Pompey.
Whether she was as beautiful as was claimed, she was a highly intelligent woman and an astute politician, who brought prosperity and peace to a country that was bankrupt and split by civil war. They were married, in keeping with Egyptian tradition. When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XIII. She is celebrated for her beauty and her love affairs with the Roman warlords Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.Ĭleopatra was born in 69 BC - 68 BC. She was just 21 at the time of their romantic and political relationship. © Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty, ruling Egypt from 51 BC - 30 BC. Julius Caesar was 52 when he entered into a relationship with Cleopatra.
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